Nature – angol kidolgozott tétel: növények, állatok és környezetvédelem

Ez a témakör három dologról szól: a körülötted élő növényekről és állatokról, a környezetvédelemről a saját lakóhelyeden, és az időjárásról. Emelt szinten arról is nyilatkoznod kell, mennyire fér meg egymással a természet és az ember, mit tud egyáltalán elérni egy hétköznapi ember, és hol vannak a környezetvédelem korlátai.

A témakörben a szókincsen túl különösen fontos az érvelés és az ellenvetés. Az időjárás szókincse sem kihagyható rész: a szóbelin ez a leggyakoribb bemelegítő kérdés, és a képleírásban is szinte mindig kell egy mondat róla.

Plants and animals in our environment

Itt nem állatfajok latin nevét kérik, hanem azt, hogy tudj beszélni a közvetlen környezeted élővilágáról. Három réteg van benne: a háziállat, a szűkebb környezet vadon élő állatai és növényei, valamint az ember és az állat viszonya.

Plants around us

We have a lot of pot plants, especially around special occasions like graduations. Our garden is full of pine trees and rose, thuya, and lilac bushes. We have huge flower beds in front of the house with lots of marigolds, tulips, and lilies.

In our orchard, we have plum, apple, cherry, and sour cherry trees. We have a huge garden, but we don’t have a truck garden, so when we want to eat potatoes, paprika cucumber, or radishes we have to buy them in the supermarket or at the market.

Pets and farm animals

Most of my friends have a cat, a dog, a hamster, or a guinea pig as a pet, but one of my classmates has a turtle. Some people keep exotic animals at home like a ferret. I always wanted to have a talking parrot, but my parents wouldn’t let me have one. Instead, I got a cat.

In villages, people still have hens, chickens, pigs, goats, or ducks. People mostly keep chickens, pigs, or turkeys for their meals, but a cat or a dog can also catch mice or guard the house.

Zoos and animal protection

Exotic animals like lions, zebras, polar bears, panthers, and elephants are mostly kept in zoos because they need a special environment and climate, or they are dangerous. In the Budapest Zoo, there is even a camel, giraffe, ostrich, chimpanzee, and hippopotamus.

Some people say it is cruel to keep these animals there, but I think it is a great experience for children. Emelt szinten idetartozik az élőhely pusztulása és a veszélyeztetett fajok kérdése is. Egy erős válasz összeköti a kettőt: az élőhely eltűnése az az ok, amiért egy faj veszélyeztetetté válik.

Environmental protection in our immediate surroundings

Ez a témakör legkonkrétabb része, mert arról beszélsz, mit teszel te, a családod és az iskolád. Fontos példák a szelektív gyűjtés, a komposztálás, a kerékpározás, az energiatakarékosság, a szemétszedő akció és a textiltáska használata.

A felsorolás önmagában kevés pontot ér. Ami igazán fontos, az az indoklás és a fokozás: mi az, ami tényleg számít, és mi az, ami inkább csak jó érzés.

Different types of pollution

All of us know how important it is to protect our environment and we hear about the negative effects that our lifestyles have on nature and our world every day. A very serious result of our careless living is pollution.

The three main kinds of pollution are: air, water and land pollution. One of the main effects of pollution is global warming, for example, which causes the changes in our climate and makes temperature rise. This leads to many problems for humans, plants and animals.

Air pollution

Air pollution means that the air we breathe becomes dirty and bad for our health. Air is polluted by natural activities like forest fires and volcanic eruptions, but human activity is even more polluting.

Our consumer society is based on manufacturing. We need factories to produce the things we buy and power plants for electricity, which emit high levels of carbon monoxide, methane and other chemicals into the air through the fumes and smoke that come out of their chimneys.

Burning fossil fuels like oil, gas and coal for transportation also results in smog and serious air pollution. These are directly pumped into the air as primary pollutants. Contaminated air can cause respiratory and lung diseases apart from the climate change.

But methane, for example, is also produced by the animals we keep for food and by the tons of decomposing garbage in landfills. The chemicals we use in our household can also be great pollutants. You should check what cleaning and hygienic products you spray into the air!

Ways to reduce air pollution

Ways to fight air pollution are straightforward: be less dependent on polluting transportation - ride a bike more and use the car less if you can’t have an environmentally friendly one. Buy less new, non-recyclable products and check if they are environmentally friendly or not.

Recycle your waste and use less electricity! I think it is very important to be aware of environmental problems and air pollution. I always recycle my rubbish and use environmentally friendly things.

We don’t have to do big things, just start small, like switching off the lights in the rooms, not using too much water, and not throwing litter away in the streets. I have also tried to convince my family and friends to use less water and electricity and public transport more often.

Water pollution

Nature has a way of keeping our water supplies clean, but we are making this more and more difficult. Cities and their industries dump waste products and chemicals into the seas, which is not only destructive for humans, but also for all other living beings.

Unfortunately, not only businesses and factories throw their garbage into the water. Many people also think rivers, lakes and seas are perfect places to dump their litter into.

People also cause water pollution accidentally when their vehicles leak oil and gas and it gets washed into our water sources through rain or when cleaning the streets and driveways.

A huge and many times tragic way to destroy the quality of our water and the creatures that live in or feed from it is through oil pollution. We hear about oil spills regularly and we know how difficult it is to clean and how many animals and humans suffer the consequences.

The sewage waste from houses and industries, like nuclear waste from nuclear plants, also ends up in our rivers and seas and there are also underground storage leaks when the harmful substances that are kept in tanks or run through pipes, like petroleum, under the ground contaminate our water sources.

Ways to protect water

What you can do for water protection? Try to waste as little water as possible when you are washing your teeth, showering or cleaning. Always use environmentally friendly household cleaning and hygienic materials.

Check your car for leaks. Avoid using pesticides and artificial fertilizers in your garden or for farming because they all get into the nearby water sources through the soil.

And whatever you do, do not litter in rivers, lakes, beaches and oceans!

Land pollution and deforestation

Water and land pollution are connected many times. If you use natural and biodegradable products for farming, you can prevent poisonous substances like pesticides, insecticides and artificial fertilizers from getting into our soil, into the plants we and the animals eat, and also into our water sources.

Recycling our waste is also an important step to take to stop land pollution. Garbage that is non-biodegradable and does not easily rot into organic matter should not be piled up on the landfills where cities transport their waste.

They stay there for thousands of years and pollute our earth and the crops we eat. Deforestation is also a kind of land pollution.

We need trees to absorb carbon dioxide from the air and produce life-giving oxygen, while forests are the home of many animals, birds and insects. We also use wood for housing, furniture and heat.

While we are cutting down trees for construction, farming and mining, we don’t plant new trees. Can imagine the consequences if we don’t do something against this more and more serious problem?

Transport and air pollution

I believe car fumes can increase the greenhouse effect, destroy the ozone layer, cause breathing problems, and reduce the amount of oxygen. Instead of going by car, we could use public transport or bicycles.

Companies could use trains or ships for transportation purposes instead of lorries. A hétköznapi ember lehetőségei korlátozottak, de a közlekedési szokások, az energiahasználat, a fogyasztás és a hulladékkezelés területén közvetlenül is tud változtatni.

Energy sources and energy saving

The most well-known energy sources nowadays are fossil fuels like coal and oil, but solar energy and wind power are also becoming more and more popular. As the traditional energy sources are running out, we could start using alternative energy sources, like earth heat.

The increasing lack of fossil fuels will cause problems in the economy. Az energiatakarékosság a mindennapokban például a világítás kikapcsolását, a vízfogyasztás csökkentését és a fölösleges energiahasználat kerülését jelenti.

Protecting the environment and endangered species

I know some organizations like Green Peace which try to save the environment. They hand out leaflets, organize conferences or campaigns, and try to call attention to endangered species and make people aware of global warming.

It is important to save our environment because, in 50 or 100 years, we will not have enough food or energy. I think it’s not only our environment but the next generations’ too, so we should start to consider the problems of energy.

Useful questions and answers for the oral exam

What do you think you could personally do to protect your environment?

I think it is very important to be aware of environmental problems and air pollution. I always recycle my rubbish and use environmentally friendly things.

We don’t have to do big things, just start small, like switching off the lights in the rooms, not using too much water, and not throwing litter away in the streets. I have also tried to convince my family and friends to use less water and electricity and public transport more often.

What is the relationship between the use of cars and air pollution?

I believe car fumes can increase the greenhouse effect, destroy the ozone layer, cause breathing problems, and reduce the amount of oxygen. Instead of going by car, we could use public transport or bicycles.

What do you know about energy sources in the world?

The most well-known energy sources nowadays are fossil fuels like coal and oil, but solar energy and wind power are also becoming more and more popular. As the traditional energy sources are running out, we could start using alternative energy sources, like earth heat.

The increasing lack of fossil fuels will cause problems in the economy.

What do you know of the world organizations that try to protect the environment and species from extinction?

I know some organizations like Green Peace which try to save the environment. They hand out leaflets, organize conferences or campaigns, and try to call attention to endangered species and make people aware of global warming.

Why is it important to preserve the environment and save rainforests and animals from extinction?

It is important to save our environment because, in 50 or 100 years, we will not have enough food or energy. I think it’s not only our environment but the next generations’ too, so we should start to consider the problems of energy.

Useful vocabulary

tags: #nature #angol #kidolgozott #tetelek