Angol szövegértés alapfokon a királyi családról

A brit királyi család ma a Windsor-házhoz tartozik. A Windsor-ház 1917-ben született meg, amikor V. György király megváltoztatta a család német eredetű nevét.

A család története, tagjai, címei és hagyományai egyszerű angol szöveg segítségével is könnyen megismerhetők. Az alábbi olvasmány alapfokú szövegértés gyakorlására alkalmas.

The British Royal Family

The British royal family belongs to the House of Windsor. George V founded the House of Windsor on 17 July 1917. He changed the family name because Germany was an enemy during the First World War.

Before 1917, the royal family used the name Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. This German name came into the British royal family through Prince Albert, the husband of Queen Victoria.

George V chose the name Windsor because Windsor is an old English town. Windsor Castle is near London and is one of the most famous royal castles in Britain.

The House of Windsor has had five monarchs: George V, Edward VIII, George VI, Elizabeth II and Charles III.

Elizabeth II was the longest-reigning monarch in the history of the House of Windsor. She became queen in 1952 and died on 8 September 2022.

Charles III became king after the death of Elizabeth II. The next monarch is expected to be Prince William, who may become William V.

Queen Elizabeth II

Elizabeth Alexandra Mary was born on 21 April 1926. She was the first daughter of Albert George, the future King George VI, and his wife Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon.

Elizabeth spent the first ten years of her life in relative peace. At that time, nobody thought that her father would become king.

Elizabeth became queen in 1952. She ruled for seventy years and celebrated her Platinum Jubilee in 2022.

Queen Elizabeth was an important symbol of Britain. Many people were interested in her life, her work and her family.

Prince Philip

Prince Philip was the husband of Queen Elizabeth II. He was born on 10 June 1921 on the island of Corfu.

Through his parents, he had the title Prince of Greece and Denmark. He was eighteen months old when his family had to leave Greece.

George V sent the Royal Navy to rescue the family. Their first home in exile was Paris.

Philip later went to Scotland and studied at Gordonstoun. He married Princess Elizabeth in 1947.

Elizabeth and Philip had four children: Charles, Anne, Andrew and Edward.

The four children of Elizabeth and Philip

King Charles III

Charles Philip Arthur George was born on 14 November 1948 at Buckingham Palace. He was the first child of Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip.

In 1958, when he was nine years old, he became the Prince of Wales and the Earl of Chester.

Charles was the first heir to the British throne to receive a university degree and a master’s degree.

He became King Charles III on 8 September 2022.

Princess Anne

Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise Laurence was born on 15 August 1950. She is the only daughter of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip.

Anne is a passionate horse rider. In the 1970s, she competed in horse riding competitions.

She won one gold medal and two silver medals at European championships. She also took part in the Olympic Games in Montreal in 1976.

Prince Andrew

Andrew Albert Christian Edward was the third child and the second son of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip.

He joined the British Royal Navy and served on several ships. He trained as a helicopter pilot and also received commando training.

He served in the Royal Air Force and took part in the Falklands War with his mother’s special permission.

Prince Edward

Edward Antony Richard Louis was born on 10 March 1964. He was the fourth child of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip.

At birth, he was third in the line of succession after Charles and Andrew. Later, he became eleventh in the line of succession.

Edward began officer training in the Royal Marines, but he left after about one year.

He was interested in acting and briefly worked in the theatre.

The grandchildren

Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip had eight grandchildren.

Prince William

William Arthur Philip Louis was born on 21 June 1982. He is the first son of Charles and Diana.

William is currently second in the line of succession after his father. He is expected to become king after Charles III.

William was the first member of the royal family to attend only state schools. He enjoyed rugby, swimming and basketball.

After primary school, he went to Eton College. He studied geography, biology and history.

His wife is Catherine, Princess of Wales. They have three children: Prince George, Princess Charlotte and Prince Louis.

George, Charlotte and Louis are second, third and fourth in the line of succession after their father.

Prince Harry

Henry Charles Albert David was born on 15 September 1984. He is the second son of Charles and Diana.

Like his brother William, Harry went to a state school. Later, he studied geography, art history and art at Eton College.

He enjoyed rugby, cricket and polo.

His wife is Meghan, Duchess of Sussex. They have two children: Archie and Lilibet.

Peter Phillips and Zara Tindall

Peter Mark Andrew Phillips was born on 15 November 1977. He was the first grandchild of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip.

Peter does not have a royal title. He has two daughters, Savannah and Isla.

Zara Phillips was born on 15 May 1981. She is the second grandchild of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip.

Zara is a successful horse rider. In 2006, she won the world eventing championship.

Her husband is Mike Tindall, a former professional rugby player. They have two daughters and one son: Mia, Lena and Lucas.

Princess Beatrice and Princess Eugenie

Princess Beatrice was born on 8 August 1988. She is the older daughter of Prince Andrew and Sarah.

She studied history at Goldsmiths College in London and graduated in 2011.

Her husband is Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi. They have two daughters, Sienna and Athena.

Princess Eugenie was born on 23 March 1990. She is the younger daughter of Prince Andrew and Sarah.

She studied art history and English literature at Newcastle University.

Her husband is Jack Brooksbank. They have two sons, August and Ernest, and a daughter named Adelaide.

Lady Louise and James

Lady Louise Windsor was born on 8 November 2003. She was born prematurely by caesarean section.

She first attended St George’s School in Windsor. From 2017, she attended St Mary’s School in Ascot.

James, Earl of Wessex, was born on 17 December 2007. He is the youngest grandchild of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip.

The great-grandchildren

Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip had fifteen great-grandchildren.

• Prince George was born in 2013.
• Princess Charlotte was born in 2015.
• Prince Louis was born in 2018.
• Archie Harrison Mountbatten-Windsor was born in 2019.
• Lilibet Diana Mountbatten-Windsor was born in 2021.
• Savannah Phillips was born in 2010.
• Isla Phillips was born in 2012.
• Mia Tindall was born in 2014.
• Lena Tindall was born in 2018.
• Lucas Tindall was born in 2021.
• August Brooksbank was born in 2021.
• Ernest Brooksbank was born in 2023.
• Adelaide Brooksbank was born in 2026.
• Sienna Mapelli Mozzi was born in 2021.
• Athena Mapelli Mozzi was born in 2025.

The royal titles

The monarch has the title Majesty. The children of the monarch automatically have the title Royal Highness.

Prince Philip was a Royal Highness. He was also a prince by birth and a duke through marriage because he was the Duke of Edinburgh.

Royal family members can have different titles in different parts of the United Kingdom.

Charles was the Prince of Wales in England. In Scotland, he was the Duke of Rothesay, the Earl of Carrick and the Baron of Renfrew.

William and Catherine are known as the Prince and Princess of Wales. In Scotland, they are the Earl and Countess of Strathearn.

Prince Andrew is the Duke of York. In Scotland, he is the Earl of Inverness, and in Northern Ireland he is the Baron of Killyleagh.

Edward and Sophie use the titles Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh.

Harry and Meghan were the Duke and Duchess of Sussex. They also had titles in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

The family name

Before 1917, members of the British royal family did not usually use a surname. They used their first name and the name of their royal house or dynasty.

In 1917, George V changed the name of the royal house to Windsor. He also made Windsor the official family name.

After Elizabeth married Philip, some descendants used the family name Mountbatten-Windsor.

The name Mountbatten came from Prince Philip’s family. Elizabeth kept the name Windsor after her marriage.

Direct descendants of Elizabeth could use the name Windsor. Other descendants could use the name Mountbatten-Windsor.

The line of succession

The line of succession shows who may become the next monarch.

Today, William is first in line after Charles III. His children follow him in this order: George, Charlotte and Louis.

Male children no longer automatically come before female children in the line of succession.

This change meant that Princess Charlotte could remain ahead of her younger brother Louis.

Important royal traditions

Royal children have many privileges, but they must also follow traditional rules.

In the past, royal children were usually taught by private tutors. Prince Charles was an important exception because he went to a preparatory school in London.

Later, Charles and Diana sent their children to school. William and Catherine also sent Prince George to a private school.

When a new royal baby is born, guns may be fired in Hyde Park, Green Park or at the Tower of London.

It is possible for sixty-two guns to be fired in ten minutes as a traditional greeting.

The first six people in the line of succession need the monarch’s permission to marry.

Edward VIII gave up the throne in 1936 because he wanted to marry Wallis Simpson, a divorced American woman.

William was the first future monarch to be born in a hospital. Diana was the first member of the royal family to give birth to a child in a private hospital instead of at home.

Edward VIII and the abdication

Edward VIII became king in 1936. He ruled for less than one year.

He gave up the throne because he wanted to marry Wallis Simpson. She was an American woman who had been divorced.

After Edward’s abdication, his younger brother Albert became king. He used the name George VI.

George VI had a speech problem, but he became an important king during a difficult period.

The earlier royal dynasties

Eight royal dynasties ruled England from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the present day.

• the House of Normandy
• the Angevin-Plantagenet dynasty
• the Houses of Lancaster and York
• the Tudor dynasty
• the Stuart dynasty
• the House of Hanover
• the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
• the House of Windsor

In 1066, William the Conqueror defeated the English kingdoms at the Battle of Hastings.

During the Norman period, the royal court and the nobles spoke French. Ordinary people spoke English, while Latin was used in law and by the Church.

The Tudor dynasty ruled from 1485 to 1603. Important Tudor monarchs included Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I.

The period of Elizabeth I was the time of Shakespeare, great voyages and conflict with the Spanish Empire.

The Stuart dynasty followed the Tudors. During the Stuart period, England experienced civil war, dictatorship and revolution.

The House of Hanover followed the Stuarts. The Hanoverian monarchs included George I, George II, George III, George IV, William IV and Queen Victoria.

Queen Victoria ruled from 1837 to 1901. Her reign was a period of large-scale British expansion and colonisation.

Victoria married Prince Albert, who had the title Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Their descendants brought the Saxe-Coburg and Gotha dynasty to the British throne.

The dynasty gave Britain one king, Edward VII. His son later changed the family name to Windsor.

Vocabulary

Reading comprehension questions

1. When was the House of Windsor founded?
2. Why did George V change the family name?
3. What was the former family name?
4. Who was the husband of Queen Elizabeth II?
5. How many children did Elizabeth and Philip have?
6. Who is the first in line after King Charles III?
7. Who are William and Catherine’s children?
8. What is the family name Mountbatten-Windsor connected with?
9. Why did Edward VIII give up the throne?
10. Who followed Edward VIII as king?
11. Which dynasty came before the House of Windsor?
12. What traditional event can happen when a royal baby is born?

True or false?

• The House of Windsor was founded in 1917.
• Prince Philip was born in Britain.
• Elizabeth and Philip had four children.
• Prince William is the younger brother of Prince Harry.
• Princess Charlotte is younger than Prince George.
• Edward VIII ruled for many decades.
• George VI was Edward VIII’s brother.
• Royal children can never attend school.
• The name Windsor is connected with an English town and castle.
• The Tudor dynasty came after the House of Windsor.

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