Angol alapfokú szóbeli tétel: Food and Meals – Healthy Food

Az étkezés témájáról beszélve bemutathatod a napi étkezéseidet, a kedvenc ételeidet, a családod étkezési szokásait, a magyar konyha jellegzetességeit, az éttermi étkezést, valamint azt is, hogyan lehet egészségesebben táplálkozni.

A legfontosabb alapfogalmak: breakfast a reggeli, lunch az ebéd, dinner a vacsora, food az étel vagy kaja, meal pedig étkezés. A healthy food egészséges ételt, a healthy diet egészséges étrendet, a balanced diet pedig kiegyensúlyozott étrendet jelent.

Hasznos szavak és kifejezések az étkezés témájához

A food szót leginkább gyűjtőnévként használjuk, és általában nem megszámlálható. A meal jelentése étkezés, például reggeli, ebéd vagy vacsora, és megszámlálható.

A have breakfast, have lunch és have dinner jelentése reggelizni, ebédelni és vacsorázni. A supper szintén vacsorát jelent, de kezdőként egyszerűbb a dinner szót használni.

A napi étkezések bemutatása

A day I have 3 meal times. At morning after 8 or 9 o’clock I have breakfast. Around 2 o’clock I have lunch at home because I don’t like canteen food. Sometimes it’s with family but sometimes I eat alone.

And after 4 o’clock I have dinner. Usually I have a sandwich and mineral water for breakfast. Usually I eat meat-soup and the second meal is chicken in breadcrumbs with rice or with roast potatoes. For dinner I eat different things every day.

On weekdays normally I eat four times a day. These meals are breakfast, elevenses, lunch and dinner. At weekends I have a substantial breakfast when I get up, lunch at one o’clock, and dinner at seven.

For breakfast I usually have a slice of bread and a cup of tea that my father prepare. At weekends I usually have a bigger breakfast, not only a piece of toast but also fried or scrambled eggs and some yoghurt and sometimes some fruit, a banana or an orange.

Az étkezések megnevezésénél a következő kifejezéseket használhatod: to have breakfast, to have lunch és to have dinner. A napszakok és az időpontok segítségével pontosabban bemutathatod a napi rutinodat.

Családi étkezési szokások

Unfortunatelly my whole family has only dinner together for we are very busy on weekdays. This is when we discuss the day’s happenings and make plans. But at weekends we always spend more time together.

In my family the main meal is the lunch when we eat more courses. But the most important is the breakfast, because we have to gather enough energy for the day.

Every day my mom cooks the meals. Sometimes I help her. Usually my mother does the cooking in our family. She is a real ,,gastronome”. I quite often help her though.

At weekend I usually eat lunch with my family. On Sundays we often go to eat out. Occasionally we go to restaurant to celebrate a birthday, a nameday or a wedding aniversary and we have a special meal.

Az étkezések nemcsak az evésről szólnak, hanem a családi együttlétről is. A közös vacsora alkalmat adhat arra, hogy a családtagok megbeszéljék a nap eseményeit és közös terveket készítsenek.

Főzés és ételkészítés

I can cook, too but usually I make fast food like fried eggs or boiled sausages. I like it but I can only prepare some of the basic dishes as scrambled eggs, and pancakes.

I don’t think it’s difficult to learn it if you are interested in. There are a lot of cookery books with detailed instructions and TV programmes where it is shown how to cook.

But I must admit the cooking isn’t my cup of tea. I am not a very good cook, I’m afraid I can only make some scrambled eggs.

A főzésről beszélve megemlítheted, hogy ki készíti otthon az ételeket, te szoktál-e segíteni, illetve milyen egyszerű fogásokat tudsz elkészíteni.

Ételek és fogások

We always eat 2 or 3 courses but at Christmas and New Year Eve we always cook special dishes. Our favourite is fish soup and stuffed cabbage and chocolate cake.

A typical Hungarian Sunday lunch consist of three courses: first comes soup ( vegertable, meat, or fruit soup). The second course is either some meat (pork, beef, veal, chicken, duck, turkey or fish) with potatoes, rice or some vegetable dish made from peas, beans, cabbage or lentils.

The second course may also be some noodles with cottage cheese or pancakes. The third course is usually some cake or fruit.

The most popular Hungarian dishes are fish soup, chicken soup, goulas, stuffed cabbage, crepes with minced meat and cheese in breadcrumbs, and all kinds os stews.

If I have an English guest I will present her these meals. A foreigner might find Hungarian cuisine a little strange because there’s red paprika in almost every dish, which makes it hot.

Not only is Hungarian food spicy, it is also quite fatty. On the other hand it’s worth tasting. Hungarian cuisine is excellent, but some people say it is not very healthy.

Ízek és állagok

A spicy és a hot is jelenthet csípős ételt, de a hot egyértelműbb lehet ebben a jelentésben. A delicious, a tasty és a good segítségével pozitívan jellemezheted az étel ízét.

To taste means kóstolni, taste means íz, tasty means finom, to chew means rágni, and to have a second helping means másodszor szedni.

Étkezés étteremben

I like ordering meals by phone for dinner. I call them, give my order and they deliver the food in an hour.

When we celebrate birthdays sometimes we eat out with the whole family in an elegant restaurant. I think the most important factors when we eat out are the taste of food and that the place is clean.

Occasionally we go to restaurant to celebrate a birthday, a nameday or a wedding aniversary and we have a special meal.

Az éttermi étkezésről beszélve megemlítheted, hogy fontos számodra az ételek íze és az étterem tisztasága. Elmondhatod azt is, hogy családi ünnepeken étterembe mentek-e, vagy inkább otthon készítetek különleges ételeket.

Az asztal megterítése

We lay the table for formal occasions only. First I put a very nice tablecloth on the table. Then I put the plates, glasses, napkins and cutlery onto it. I decorate the table with flowers and candles.

In any case before the meals we have to lay the table. First we put a nicely ironed tablecloth on the table. We put the plates, glasses and cutlery onto it.

The knife and the spoon go on the right-hand side and the fork goes on the left. We place the napkins in rings next to the plates, and some cruets in several places on the table. We might decorate the table with flowers and candles.

Egészséges étrend

Most people have a deep wish to have a healthier diet. We tend to read articles about healthy eating strategies, join fitness programmes, follow newer and newer diet plans.

There is a constant struggle to try it once more, begin something new and have control over our life again. But then we give up - the diet plans are too limiting, too drastic, too hard to stick to.

After a while we realize that although we’ve given up on a lot of things, the carbs, sugar, dairy or gluten our eating habits are not getting healthier at all.

Here are some super simple strategies to eating healthier. You can begin right now if you wish, and if you don’t keep to them one day, just start again the next. There’s nothing radical to do.

A healthy étrend célja nem feltétlenül egy nagyon szigorú diéta követése. A kiegyensúlyozott étrendben fontos szerepet kapnak a zöldségek, a gyümölcsök, a fehérjék, a rostok, a megfelelő szénhidrátok és a változatos ételek.

Kisebb tányér és megfelelő adagok

Serve your meals on smaller dishes. Studies have shown that when people eat food from a large bowl or plate, they serve and eat much more.

When people eat from a crowded small plate, they eat less. It’s not that they run out of space for more food; it’s that their brains actually perceived it as more food, which in turn makes them feel sated.

This effect has a name - the Delboeuf illusion. A recent study has found that people generally prefer a plate about 70 percent full of food - regardless of the size of that plate.

So with a big plate filled to 70 percent it’s easy to eat too much. People may believe they know when they are full, but studies suggest they eat more with their eyes than with their stomach.

Keep your proportions right. Divide your plate in quarters. Take two of those quarters and fill them with fruits and vegetables.

Another quarter is for protein (meat, poultry, fish, seafood, beans, legumes, eggs, dairy). The last quarter is for grains, nuts and seeds (rice, almonds, walnuts, pecans, pumpkin, sunflower, sesame seeds).

Színes ételek és zöldségek

Opt for colour. Vegetables get their colours from natural chemicals. The more colours you have on your plate, the bigger range of healthy compounds you have in your diet.

In addition fruits and vegetables are full of fibre, so they fill you up and are low in calories. Go for a minimum of three colours on your plate.

To make it easier let’s classify fruits and vegetables into five colour groups:

• GREEN ; leafy greens (kale, spinach, lettuce, chard), green vegetables (broccoli, peppers, Brussels sprouts, asparagus, green beans, peas), herbs (parsley, basil, rosemary, chives), fruits (kiwi, green apples and pears, honeydew melon, limes)
• BLUE/PURPLE ; vegetables (eggplant, cabbage, kohlrabi, asparagus), fruits (blueberries, figs, grapes, plums, blackberries, passion fruit)
• RED ; vegetables (beetroots, bell peppers, onion, radish, chili peppers, rhubarb), fruits (tomatoes, apples, watermelon, raspberries, strawberries, cherries, pomegranates, pink grapefruit)
• YELLOW/ORANGE ; vegetables (carrots, squash, pumpkin), fruits (oranges, lemons, mangoes, apricots, pineapples, papaya)
• WHITE ; vegetables (cauliflower, garlic, mushrooms, turnips, shallots, parsnips), fruits (peaches. nectarines, coconut, bananas)

It’s easy to put together a rainbow of vegetables or a colourful fruit salad. Get creative and add at least three colours to your breakfast or dinner. It will make all the difference.

Egészséges nassolás

Quash unhealthy snacking. Snacking habits are hard to break, and there are many signals to our brain that urge us to eat.

You know whether you are a bored eater, an anxious eater or a sad eater. Often our emotions prompt us to feel like we are hungry.

When you feel the need to snack, think first. Ask yourself if you are really hungry, then do one of these three things:

• Get up and move. Go for a walk outside, walk around, do some exercises, get moving. There is a good chance you will be able to continue without having that snack.
• Drink a glass of water - you might just be thirsty.
• Distract yourself by calling a friend, checking Facebook, reading a newspaper.

A nassolási vágyat nem mindig valódi éhség okozza. Néha az unalom, a szorongás vagy a szomorúság miatt érzünk késztetést arra, hogy együnk.

Tudatos étkezés

Eat like you mean it. Take small bites. Chew each bite multiple times. Put down your fork or spoon in between.

When you are snacking don’t eat out of the bag or box and sit down to eat as if it were a meal. Pay deliberate attention to your food.

No TV, no computer. Sit down with others and enjoy their company. Let the meal be an enjoyable experience.

Notice the aromas, the colours, the flavours of the food. Be conscious of each bite and savour it.

You will find that you’re more satisfied even if you eat less food. It’s been shown that when people eat in this manner, they cut their caloric intake.

Vegetáriánus, vegán és mindenevő étrend

Nowadays there are more and more vegetarians, who live on diary products, eggs, vegetables and fruit. Vegans don’t eat any animal products at all.

This selection isn’t characteristic oy my family. We are so called ,,omnivorous”.

In my family nobody has got special eating habits. We aren’t on a special diet, we have never taken care of our weights. It isn’t necessary.

A vegetáriánusok tejtermékeket, tojást, zöldségeket és gyümölcsöket fogyaszthatnak, míg a vegánok egyáltalán nem esznek állati eredetű termékeket. A család étkezési szokásairól beszélve elmondhatod, hogy van-e valaki, aki speciális étrendet követ.

Gyorsétel és édességek

As for me I haven’t got a sweet tooth but I love the junk food as hamburger and chips. It is full of with preservatives and additives, which are very harmful for the health.

Fast food restaurant means gyorsétterem, convenience food means félkész étel, amit csak melegíteni vagy mikrózni kell, a junk food pedig egészségtelen, gyakran magas kalóriatartalmú étel.

I am trying to change my eating habits and eat more healthy food. I always try to eat high fibre food.

A konyha és a konyhai eszközök

Hasznos mintamondatok

I usually have an early breakfast, at around 6.30. Korán szoktam reggelizni, úgy fél hét körül.

I always try to eat high fibre food. Ha lehet, mindig magas rosttartalmú ételeket eszem.

I am trying to change my eating habits and eat more healthy food. Próbálom megváltoztatni az étkezési szokásaimat, és egészséges ételeket igyekszem enni.

When I travel, I always want to try local food. Ha utazom, mindig szeretem kipróbálni a helyi ételeket.

Hungarian cuisine is excellent, but some people say it is not very healthy. A magyar konyha kiváló, de egyesek szerint egészségtelen.

I love seafood, but I don’t eat it very often. Imádom a tengeri ételeket, de nem túl gyakran eszem olyasmit.

Rövid, összefüggő szóbeli mintaszöveg

A day I have 3 meal times. At morning after 8 or 9 o’clock I have breakfast. Usually I have a sandwich and mineral water for breakfast. Around 2 o’clock I have lunch at home because I don’t like canteen food. Sometimes it’s with family but sometimes I eat alone.

Usually I eat meat-soup and the second meal is chicken in breadcrumbs with rice or with roast potatoes. For dinner I eat different things every day. At weekend I usually eat lunch with my family. On Sundays we often go to eat out.

Every day my mom cooks the meals. Sometimes I help her. I can cook, too but usually I make fast food like fried eggs or boiled sausages. I like it but I can only prepare some of the basic dishes as scrambled eggs, and pancakes.

I think healthy food is very important. I try to eat more vegetables, fruit and high fibre food. It is useful to eat smaller portions and to have a colourful plate. I also think that we should take small bites, chew each bite multiple times and pay attention to our food.

In my family we usually eat two or three courses. A typical Hungarian Sunday lunch consists of soup, a main course and a dessert. Our favourite dishes are fish soup, stuffed cabbage and chocolate cake. Hungarian food is often spicy and fatty, but it is worth tasting.

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