A cikk a biológiai fogalmak magyar és angol kifejezéseinek összefüggéseit mutatja be egy áttekintő formában, a megadott keretek között. Az alábbi szakaszokban a témák alapján rendezve találhatóak meg a kulcsfontosságú fogalmak, azok leírásai és példákkal illusztrált magyarázatok.
Élőlények és növekedésük
a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its ownorganizmus, élőlényEx: The pond ecosystem is home to a variety of organisms, including fish, algae, and bacteria.
a substance that provides nutrients and conditions for the growth of cells or microorganismsnövekedési közeg, kultúraközegEx: The lab used a growth mediumto cultivate the bacteria. the process of growing cells, tissues, or organisms in an artificial environment with controlled conditions such as temperature, nutrients, and pHkultúra, sejttenyésztésEx: Microbiologists use agar plates to culturebacteria for studying their growth and characteristics.
Állandó és változó környezeti tényezők
relating to the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain lifemetabolikusEx: Exercise increases metabolic rate, leading to more efficient calorie burning.
Általános fogalmak és kategóriák
a representative or characteristic sample that is examined or analyzed to gain insights or understanding of a particular group or categorypéldány, mintaEx: The scientist examined the specimenunder the microscope for research.
(biology) any of the groups that plants, animals, etc. with similar characteristics are divided into, which is larger than a species and smaller than a familynemzetség, típusEx: The genus Rosa includes all the species of roses, known for their beautiful flowers and fragrance.
Taxonómia és variáció
a genetic variant or subtype of a microorganism, typically within a species, that possesses distinct characteristics from other members of the same speciestörzs, változatEx: The influenza virus mutates frequently, resulting in new strainseach flu season.
Specifikus sejtszintű folyamatok
each flu season. (of a cell, gland, or organ) to produce and release a liquid substance in the bodyelválaszt, termelEx: Salivary glands secrete enzymes that aid in the digestion of food.
to discharge waste products or substances from the body or cells into the environment, typically through urine, feces, or sweatkiválaszt, ürítEx: The kidneys excreteexcess water and waste products from the bloodstream.
Eukarióta sejtek és sejttípusok
a type of living thing with cells that have a nucleus and other structures enclosed in membranes, like plants, animals, fungi, and some microorganismseukarióta, eukarióta organizmusEx: Plants, with their roots, stems, and leaves, are examples of eukaryotes.
Sejtosztódás és növekedési ciklus
a type of reproduction where a single organism can produce offspring without the involvement of another organismivartalan szaporodása type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomesmeiózis, redukciós sejtosztódásEx: Meiosisensures genetic diversity by creating haploid cells with unique combinations of chromosomes.
the longest phase of the cell cycle during which the cell grows, replicates its DNA, and carries out its normal functionsinterfázis, köztes fázisthe initial phase of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear membrane dissolves, preparing for cell divisionprofázis, a mitózis kezdeti szakaszaEx: During prophase, the duplicated chromosomes become visible under a microscope as they condense.
Osztódások fázisai
the stage of mitosis where chromosomes align along the center (equator) of the cell, preparing for their separation into daughter cellsmetafázis, metafázis szakaszEx: During metaphase, chromosomes are attached to spindle fibers and align at the cell's equator.
the stage of cell division where sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes are pulled apart towards opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibersanafázis, szétválás fázisaEx: During anaphaseof mitosis, sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell.
the last stage of meiosis where chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes reform, and cells prepare to divide into daughter cells with half the original chromosome numbertelofázis, a meiózis utolsó szakaszaEx: During telophaseI of meiosis, nuclear envelopes reassemble around the chromosomes at opposite poles.
Anyagcsere és bomlás
to break down or decompose naturally by biological processes, typically through the action of microorganisms like bacteria or fungibiológiailag lebomlik, természetes úton lebomlikEx: Organic materials like food waste biodegrade in compost piles, turning into nutrient-rich soil.
Biomolekulák és biodiverzitás
any molecule produced by living organisms including large molecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as smaller molecules like vitamins, hormones, and metabolitesbiomolekula, biológiai molekulathe existence of a range of different plants and animals in a natural environmentbiológiai sokféleség, biodiverzitásEx: The rainforest is known for its rich biodiversity, housing countless species of flora and fauna.
Biogazdaság és adatok
a field of study that combines biology and computational methods to analyze and interpret biological databioinformatika, biológiai informatikanot causing harmful reactions or adverse effects when in contact with biological systemsbiokompatibilis, nem okoz káros reakciókat vagy mellékhatásokata branch of biology that employs statistical analysis to study and interpret biological phenomena and observationsbiometria, biológiai statisztikaEx: Biometricsin biology uses statistical methods to analyze genetic variations among different populations.
Mikrobiológia és fiziológia
the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their effects on living organismsmikrobiológiaEx: Microbiologyis essential for understanding disease transmission.
a scientist who studies the normal functions and activities of living organisms and their parts, often focusing on how biological systems work at the molecular, cellular, and organ levelsfiziológus, fiziológia szakértőEx: The physiologistconducted experiments to understand how muscles contract and relax.
Ökológia és környezet
the scientific study of the environment or the interrelation of living creatures and the way they affect each otherökológia, környezettudományEx: Ecologyexamines how plants and animals adapt to their environments.
tourism that includes visiting endangered natural environments which aims at preservation of the wildlife and the natureökoturizmus, környezetbarát turizmusEx: They planned an ecotourismtrip to a rainforest to learn about local conservation efforts.
Természetes tervezés és adaptáció
an approach to innovation and problem-solving that draws inspiration from nature's designs, processes, and systemsbiomimikri, a természet utánzásaa thick slimy substance produced by mucous membranes, inside the nose or the mouth, to lubricate and protect themnyálka, takonyEx: When you have a cold, your body produces excess mucus to help trap and expel harmful viruses and bacteria.
Virion és szövetek
a complete virus particle that includes genetic material wrapped in a protein coat, capable of infecting host cells to replicatevirion, teljes vírusrészecskeEx: The influenza virioncontains viral RNA enclosed within a protein capsid and an outer lipid envelope.
Képi és video tartalmak
image and video content enhances understanding when placed appropriately.
